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Probability in the Australian Curriculum

Chance, likelihood and probability experiments. 18 content descriptions from Version 9.0, by year level.

Year 3

  • AC9M3P01

    identify practical activities and everyday events involving chance; describe possible outcomes and events as ‘likely’ or ‘unlikely’ and identify some events as ‘certain’ or ‘impossible’ explaining reasoning

    Probability

    Plan this
  • AC9M3P02

    conduct repeated chance experiments; identify and describe possible outcomes, record the results, recognise and discuss the variation

    Probability

    Plan this

All Year 3 Mathematics

Year 4

  • AC9M4P01

    describe possible everyday events and the possible outcomes of chance experiments and order outcomes or events based on their likelihood of occurring; identify independent or dependent events

    Probability

    Plan this
  • AC9M4P02

    conduct repeated chance experiments to observe relationships between outcomes; identify and describe the variation in results

    Probability

    Plan this

All Year 4 Mathematics

Year 5

  • AC9M5P01

    list the possible outcomes of chance experiments involving equally likely outcomes and compare to those which are not equally likely

    Probability

    Plan this
  • AC9M5P02

    conduct repeated chance experiments including those with and without equally likely outcomes, observe and record the results; use frequency to compare outcomes and estimate their likelihoods

    Probability

    Plan this

All Year 5 Mathematics

Year 6

  • AC9M6P01

    recognise that probabilities lie on numerical scales of 0 – 1 or 0% – 100% and use estimation to assign probabilities that events occur in a given context, using common fractions, percentages and decimals

    Probability

    Plan this
  • AC9M6P02

    conduct repeated chance experiments and run simulations with an increasing number of trials using digital tools; compare observations with expected results and discuss the effect on variation of increasing the number of trials

    Probability

    Plan this

All Year 6 Mathematics

Year 7

  • AC9M7P01

    identify the sample space for single-stage events; assign probabilities to the outcomes of these events and predict relative frequencies for related events

    Probability

    Plan this
  • AC9M7P02

    conduct repeated chance experiments and run simulations with a large number of trials using digital tools; compare predictions about outcomes with observed results, explaining the differences

    Probability

    Plan this

All Year 7 Mathematics

Year 8

  • AC9M8P01

    recognise that complementary events have a combined probability of one; use this relationship to calculate probabilities in applied contexts

    Probability

    Plan this
  • AC9M8P02

    determine all possible combinations for 2 events, using two-way tables, tree diagrams and Venn diagrams, and use these to determine probabilities of specific outcomes in practical situations

    Probability

    Plan this
  • AC9M8P03

    conduct repeated chance experiments and simulations, using digital tools to determine probabilities for compound events, and describe results

    Probability

    Plan this

All Year 8 Mathematics

Year 9

  • AC9M9P01

    list all outcomes for compound events both with and without replacement, using lists, tree diagrams, tables or arrays; assign probabilities to outcomes

    Probability

    Plan this
  • AC9M9P02

    calculate relative frequencies from given or collected data to estimate probabilities of events involving “and”, inclusive “or” and exclusive “or”

    Probability

    Plan this
  • AC9M9P03

    design and conduct repeated chance experiments and simulations, using digital tools to compare probabilities of simple events to related compound events, and describe results

    Probability

    Plan this

All Year 9 Mathematics

Year 10

  • AC9M10P01

    use the language of “if ... then”, “given”, “of”, “knowing that” to describe and interpret situations involving conditional probability

    Probability

    Plan this
  • AC9M10P02

    design and conduct repeated chance experiments and simulations using digital tools to model conditional probability and interpret results

    Probability

    Plan this

All Year 10 Mathematics

Questions teachers ask

Where does probability appear in the Australian Curriculum?
18 Mathematics content descriptions from Year 3 to Year 10 mention probability. They are listed here by year with their codes.
Can Heapso make probability worksheets?
Yes. Choose "Plan this" next to a content description for a lesson set to that year, or make a worksheet at three levels so every student can practise the same skill.

Other maths topics

Make a probability worksheet

One worksheet at three levels, so every student practises the same skill at the right challenge. Free to start.

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© Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA) 2010 to present, unless otherwise indicated. This material was downloaded from the Australian Curriculum website (accessed 18 October 2026) and was not modified. The material is licensed under CC BY 4.0.

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