Key stage 4 science lesson plans (national curriculum)

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-001

the ways in which scientific methods and theories develop over time

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-002

using a variety of concepts and models to develop scientific explanations and understanding

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-003

appreciating the power and limitations of science and considering ethical issues which may arise

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-004

explaining everyday and technological applications of science; evaluating associated personal, social, economic and environmental implications; and making decisions based on the evaluation of evidence and arguments

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-005

evaluating risks both in practical science and the wider societal context, including perception of risk

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-006

recognising the importance of peer review of results and of communication of results to a range of audiences

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-007

using scientific theories and explanations to develop hypotheses

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-008

planning experiments to make observations, test hypotheses or explore phenomena

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-009

applying a knowledge of a range of techniques, apparatus, and materials to select those appropriate both for fieldwork and for experiments

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-010

carrying out experiments appropriately, having due regard to the correct manipulation of apparatus, the accuracy of measurements and health and safety considerations

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-011

recognising when to apply a knowledge of sampling techniques to ensure any samples collected are representative

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-012

making and recording observations and measurements using a range of apparatus and methods

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-013

evaluating methods and suggesting possible improvements and further investigations

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-014

applying the cycle of collecting, presenting and analysing data, including:

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-015

communicating the scientific rationale for investigations, including the methods used, the findings and reasoned conclusions, using paper-based and electronic reports and presentations

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-016

developing their use of scientific vocabulary and nomenclature

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-017

recognising the importance of scientific quantities and understanding how they are determined

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-018

using SI units and IUPAC chemical nomenclature unless inappropriate

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-019

using prefixes and powers of ten for orders of magnitude (e.g. tera, giga, mega, kilo, centi, milli, micro and nano)

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-020

interconverting units

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-021

using an appropriate number of significant figures in calculations

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-022

cells as the basic structural unit of all organisms; adaptations of cells related to their functions; the main sub-cellular structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-023

stem cells in animals and meristems in plants

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-024

enzymes

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-025

factors affecting the rate of enzymatic reactions

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-026

the importance of cellular respiration; the processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-027

carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids as key biological molecules

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-028

the need for transport systems in multicellular organisms, including plants

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-029

the relationship between the structure and functions of the human circulatory system

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-030

the relationship between health and disease

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-031

communicable diseases including sexually transmitted infections in humans (including HIV/AIDs)

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-032

non-communicable diseases

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-033

bacteria, viruses and fungi as pathogens in animals and plants

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-034

body defences against pathogens and the role of the immune system against disease

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-035

reducing and preventing the spread of infectious diseases in animals and plants

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-036

the process of discovery and development of new medicines

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-037

the impact of lifestyle factors on the incidence of non-communicable diseases

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-038

principles of nervous coordination and control in humans

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-039

the relationship between the structure and function of the human nervous system

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-040

the relationship between structure and function in a reflex arc

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-041

principles of hormonal coordination and control in humans

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-042

hormones in human reproduction, hormonal and non-hormonal methods of contraception

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-043

homeostasis

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-044

photosynthesis as the key process for food production and therefore biomass for life

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-045

the process of photosynthesis

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-046

factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-047

levels of organisation within an ecosystem

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-048

some abiotic and biotic factors which affect communities; the importance of interactions between organisms in a community

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-049

how materials cycle through abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-050

the role of microorganisms (decomposers) in the cycling of materials through an ecosystem

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-051

organisms are interdependent and are adapted to their environment

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-052

the importance of biodiversity

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-053

methods of identifying species and measuring distribution, frequency and abundance of species within a habitat

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-054

positive and negative human interactions with ecosystems

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-055

the genome as the entire genetic material of an organism

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-056

how the genome, and its interaction with the environment, influence the development of the phenotype of an organism

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-057

the potential impact of genomics on medicine

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-058

most phenotypic features being the result of multiple, rather than single, genes

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-059

single gene inheritance and single gene crosses with dominant and recessive phenotypes

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-060

sex determination in humans

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-061

genetic variation in populations of a species

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-062

the process of natural selection leading to evolution

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-063

the evidence for evolution

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-064

developments in biology affecting classification

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-065

the importance of selective breeding of plants and animals in agriculture

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-066

the uses of modern biotechnology including gene technology; some of the practical and ethical considerations of modern biotechnology

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-067

a simple model of the atom consisting of the nucleus and electrons, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-068

the number of particles in a given mass of a substance

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-069

the modern Periodic Table, showing elements arranged in order of atomic number

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-070

position of elements in the Periodic Table in relation to their atomic structure and arrangement of outer electrons

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-071

properties and trends in properties of elements in the same group

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-072

characteristic properties of metals and non-metals

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-073

chemical reactivity of elements in relation to their position in the Periodic Table

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-074

changes of state of matter in terms of particle kinetics, energy transfers and the relative strength of chemical bonds and intermolecular forces

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-075

types of chemical bonding: ionic, covalent, and metallic

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-076

bulk properties of materials related to bonding and intermolecular forces

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-077

bonding of carbon leading to the vast array of natural and synthetic organic compounds that occur due to the ability of carbon to form families of similar compounds, chains and rings

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-078

structures, bonding and properties of diamond, graphite, fullerenes and graphene

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-079

determination of empirical formulae from the ratio of atoms of different kinds

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-080

balanced chemical equations, ionic equations and state symbols

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-081

identification of common gases

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-082

the chemistry of acids; reactions with some metals and carbonates

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-083

pH as a measure of hydrogen ion concentration and its numerical scale

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-084

electrolysis of molten ionic liquids and aqueous ionic solutions

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-085

reduction and oxidation in terms of loss or gain of oxygen.

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-086

Measurement of energy changes in chemical reactions (qualitative)

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-087

Bond breaking, bond making, activation energy and reaction profiles (qualitative)

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-088

factors that influence the rate of reaction: varying temperature or concentration, changing the surface area of a solid reactant or by adding a catalyst

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-089

factors affecting reversible reactions

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-090

distinguishing between pure and impure substances

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-091

separation techniques for mixtures of substances: filtration, crystallisation, chromatography, simple and fractional distillation

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-092

quantitative interpretation of balanced equations

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-093

concentrations of solutions in relation to mass of solute and volume of solvent

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-094

life cycle assessment and recycling to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product’s life

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-095

the viability of recycling of certain materials

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-096

carbon compounds, both as fuels and feedstock, and the competing demands for limited resources

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-097

fractional distillation of crude oil and cracking to make more useful materials

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-098

extraction and purification of metals related to the position of carbon in a reactivity series

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-099

evidence for composition and evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere since its formation

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-100

evidence, and uncertainties in evidence, for additional anthropogenic causes of climate change

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-101

potential effects of, and mitigation of, increased levels of carbon dioxide and methane on the Earth’s climate

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-102

common atmospheric pollutants: sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, particulates and their sources

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-103

the Earth’s water resources and obtaining potable water

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-104

energy changes in a system involving heating, doing work using forces, or doing work using an electric current: calculating the stored energies and energy changes involved

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-105

power as the rate of transfer of energy

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-106

conservation of energy in a closed system, dissipation

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-107

calculating energy efficiency for any energy transfers

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-108

renewable and non-renewable energy sources used on Earth, changes in how these are used

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-109

forces and fields: electrostatic, magnetic, gravity

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-110

forces as vectors

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-111

calculating work done as force x distance; elastic and inelastic stretching

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-112

pressure in fluids acts in all directions: variation in Earth’s atmosphere with height, with depth for liquids, up-thrust force (qualitative)

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-113

speed of sound, estimating speeds and accelerations in everyday contexts

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-114

interpreting quantitatively graphs of distance, time, and speed

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-115

acceleration caused by forces; Newton’s First Law

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-116

weight and gravitational field strength

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-117

decelerations and braking distances involved on roads, safety

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-118

amplitude, wavelength, frequency, relating velocity to frequency and wavelength

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-119

transverse and longitudinal waves

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-120

electromagnetic waves, velocity in vacuum; waves transferring energy; wavelengths and frequencies from radio to gamma-rays

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-121

velocities differing between media: absorption, reflection, refraction effects

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-122

production and detection, by electrical circuits, or by changes in atoms and nuclei

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-123

uses in the radio, microwave, infra-red, visible, ultra-violet, X-ray and gamma-ray regions, hazardous effects on bodily tissues

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-124

measuring resistance using p.d. and current measurements

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-125

exploring current, resistance and voltage relationships for different circuit elements; including their graphical representations

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-126

quantity of charge flowing as the product of current and time

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-127

drawing circuit diagrams; exploring equivalent resistance for resistors in series

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-128

the domestic a.c. supply; live, neutral and earth mains wires, safety measures

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-129

power transfer related to p.d. and current, or current and resistance

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-130

exploring the magnetic fields of permanent and induced magnets, and the Earth’s magnetic field, using a compass

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-131

magnetic effects of currents, how solenoids enhance the effect

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-132

how transformers are used in the national grid and the reasons for their use

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-133

relating models of arrangements and motions of the molecules in solid, liquid and gas phases to their densities

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-134

melting, evaporation, and sublimation as reversible changes

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-135

calculating energy changes involved on heating, using specific heat capacity; and those involved in changes of state, using specific latent heat

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-136

links between pressure and temperature of a gas at constant volume, related to the motion of its particles (qualitative)

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-137

the nuclear model and its development in the light of changing evidence

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-138

masses and sizes of nuclei, atoms and small molecules

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-139

differences in numbers of protons, and neutrons related to masses and identities of nuclei, isotope characteristics and equations to represent changes

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-140

ionisation; absorption or emission of radiation related to changes in electron orbits

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-141

radioactive nuclei: emission of alpha or beta particles, neutrons, or gamma-rays, related to changes in the nuclear mass and/or charge

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-142

radioactive materials, half-life, irradiation, contamination and their associated hazardous effects, waste disposal

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-143

nuclear fission, nuclear fusion and our sun’s energy

ENG-NC-SC-KS4-144

the main features of the solar system.